Have fun at the State Fair -- but don't get too overheated

SPRINGFIELD - August is not only known for the food and fun of the Illinois State Fair. It is also known for hot and humid weather.

Therefore, cardiologists at Prairie Heart Institute at St. John's Hospital warn fairgoers to be cautious when walking the fairgrounds in intense heat- your heart could suffer as a result.

The biggest risk is dehydration, said Dr. Holly Novak, cardiologist at PHI. Dehydration can cause problems with individuals who are on blood pressure medication. It can cause them to become dizzy, light-headed and overheated.

It is important to stay hydrated and drink plenty of water, she said.

People also experience elevated blood pressure from being out in the heat, Novak said.

In addition to dehydration, extremely hot weather causes heat exhaustion and heat stroke. These risks increase when the humidity is above 70 percent and the temperature is above 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Heat and humidity interfere with the body's natural cooling process.

Physical activity in hot, humid conditions can be hard on your heart. Profuse sweating causes a loss of fluid, which decreases your total blood volume. Therefore, the heart must pump even harder to get the smaller volume of blood to working muscles, skin and other body parts. When a person loses too much fluid, their body temperature rises and the nervous system is unable to work properly. Excessive fluid loss can lead to brain and heart damage.

Cardiologists also recommend wearing lightweight, comfortable clothing when touring the fairgrounds. It is also important to know the symptoms of heat exhaustion and heat stroke. If any symptoms appear, cool down immediately by dousing yourself with cold water. You may need to get medical attention. Heat exhaustion can lead to heat stroke, which is deadly.

Symptoms of heat exhaustion:
Heavy sweating 
Cold, clammy skin 
Dizziness of fainting (syncope) 
A weak and rapid pulse 
Muscle cramps 
Shallow and fast breathing 
Nausea, vomiting or both

Symptoms of heat stroke: 
Warm, dry skin with no sweating 
Strong and rapid pulse 
Confusion and/or unconsciousness 
High fever 
Throbbing headaches 
Nausea, vomiting or both